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Antimicrobial Lessons From a Large Observational Cohort on Intra-abdominal Infections in Intensive Care Units

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Abstract

Severe intra-abdominal infection commonly requires intensive care. Mortality is high and is mainly determined by disease-specific characteristics, i.e. setting of infection onset, anatomical barrier disruption, and severity of disease expression. Recent observations revealed that antimicrobial resistance appears equally common in community-acquired and late-onset hospital-acquired infection. This challenges basic principles in anti-infective therapy guidelines, including the paradigm that pathogens involved in community-acquired infection are covered by standard empiric antimicrobial regimens, and second, the concept of nosocomial acquisition as the main driver for resistance involvement. In this study, we report on resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in distinct European geographic regions based on an observational cohort study on intra-abdominal infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Resistance against aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa is problematic, as is carbapenem-resistance in the latter pathogen. For E. coli and K. pneumoniae, resistance is mainly an issue in Central Europe, Eastern and South-East Europe, and Southern Europe, while resistance in P. aeruginosa is additionally problematic in Western Europe. Vancomycin-resistance in E. faecalis is of lesser concern but requires vigilance in E. faecium in Central and Eastern and South-East Europe. In the subcohort of patients with secondary peritonitis presenting with either sepsis or septic shock, the appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy was not associated with mortality. In contrast, failure of source control was strongly associated with mortality. The relevance of these new insights for future recommendations regarding empiric antimicrobial therapy in intra-abdominal infections is discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The members for the Abdominal Sepsis Study (‘AbSeS’) Group on behalf of the Trials Group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine are: Guy Francois, Sonia Labeau, Koen Blot, Mieke Deschepper, Massimo Antonelli, Jeffrey Lipman, Dirk Vogelaers, Amin Lamrous, Cecilia Pereyra, Fernando Lipovestky, Despoina Koulenti, Jan De Waele, Joao Rezende-Neto, Yenny Cardenas, Tomas Vymazal, Hans Fjeldsoee-Nielsen, Philippe Montravers, Matthias Kott, Arvaniti Kostoula, Yash Javeri, Massimo Girardis, Sharon Einav, Dylan de Lange, Luis Daniel Umezawa Makikado, Adam Mikstacki, José-Artur Paiva, Dana Tomescu, Alexey Gritsan, Bojan Jovanovic, Kumaresh Venkatesan, Tomislav Mirkovic, Emilio Maseda, Yalim Dikmen, Benedict Creagh-Brown, Amin Lamrous, Monica Emmerich, Mariana Canale, Lorena Silvina Dietz, Santiago Ilutovich, John Thomas Sanchez Miñope, Ramona Baldomera Silva, Martin Alexis Montenegro, Patricio Martin, Pablo Saul, Viviana Chediack, Giselle Sutton, Rocio Couce, Carina Balasini, Susana Gonzalez, Florencia Maria Lascar, Emiliano Jorge Descotte, Natalia Soledad Gumiela, Carina Alejandra Pino, Cristian Cesio, Emanuel Valgolio, Eleonora Cunto, Cecilia Dominguez, Fernando Lipovestky, Nydia Funes Nelson, Esteban Martin Abegao, Cecilia Pereyra, Norberto Christian Pozo, Luciana Bianchi, Enrique Correger, Maria Laura Pastorino, Erica Aurora Miyazaki, Norberto Christian Pozo, Nicolas Grubissich, Mariel Garcia, Natalia Bonetto, Noelia Elizabeth Quevedo, Cristina Delia Gomez, Felipe Queti, Luis Gonzalez Estevarena, Ruben Fernandez, Ignacio Santolaya, Norberto Christian Pozo, Sergio Hugo Grangeat, Juan Doglia, Graciela Zakalik, Carlos Pellegrini, Maria Monserrat Lloria, Mercedes Esteban Chacon, Mariela Fumale, Mariela Leguizamon, Irene Beatriz Hidalgo, Roberto Julian Tiranti, Paola Capponi, Agustin Tita, Luis Cardonnet, Lisandro Bettini, Agñel Ramos, Luciano Lovesio, Edith Miriam Miranda, Angelica Beatriz Farfan, Carina Tolosa, Lise Segura, Adelina Bellocchio, Brian Alvarez, Adriana Manzur, Rodolfo Lujan, Natalia Fernandez, Nahuel Scarone, Alan Zazu, Carina Groh, Jason Fletcher, Julie Smith, Raman Azad, Nitin Chavan, Helen Wong, Mark Kol, Lewis Campbell, Despoina Koulenti, Therese Starr, Brigit Roberts, Bradley Wibrow, Timothy Warhurst, Meher Chinthamuneedi, Bernal Buitrago Ferney, Marc Simon, Daniel De Backer, Xavier Wittebole, David De Bels, Vincent Collin, Karolien Dams, Philippe Jorens, Jan De Waele, Jasperina Dubois, Jan Gunst, Lionel Haentjens, Nicolas De Schryver, Thierry Dugernier, Joao Rezende-Neto, Sandro Rizoli, Paul Santillan, Yi Han, Ewelina Biskup, Changjing Qu, Xinyu Li, Tao Yu, Lu Weihua, Daniel Molano-Franco, José Rojas, Juan Mauricio Pardo Oviedo, Dario Pinilla, Yenny Cardenas, Edgar Celis, Mario Arias, Anita Vukovic, Maja Vudrag, Matija Belavic, Josip Zunic, Janja Kuharic, Irena Bozanic Kricka, Ina Filipovic-Grcic, Boris Tomasevic, Melanija Obraz, Bruna Bodulica, Martin Dohnal, Jan Malaska, Milan Kratochvil, Igor Satinsky, Peter Schwarz, 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Rosa Ribeiro, Guilherme Domingos, Pedro Gomes, David Nora, Rui Pedro Costa, Anabela Santos, Ahmed Subhy Alsheikhly, Dana Tomescu, Mihai Popescu, Ioana Grigoras, Emilia Patrascanu, Igor Zabolotskikh, Tatiana Musaeva, Alexey Gritsan, Denis Gaigolnik, Vladimir Kulabukhov, Vladislav Belskiy, Nadezhda Zubareva, Maxim Tribulev, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Ayman Aldarsani, Muhammad Al-Khalid, Ghaleb Almekhlafi, Yasser Mandourah, Bojan Jovanovic, Krstina Doklestic, Jelena Velickovic, Dejan Velickovic, Radmilo Jankovic, Anita Vukovic, Svetlana Skoric-Jokic, Dragana Radovanovic, Guy Richards, Ahmad Alli, Maria Del Carmen Cordoba Nielfa, Rafael Sánchez Iniesta, Adela Benítez-Cano Martínez, Carlos Garcia Bernedo, Santiago Alberto Picos Gil, Xavier Nuvials, Jordi Rello, Joseba Gonzalez Garcia, Jose Manuel Garcia Peña, Roberto Jimenez, Luis Herrera, Laura Galarza Barrachina, Ignacio Catalan Monzon, Francisco Javier Redondo, Ruben Villazala, Diego Fernando Matallana Zapata, Isabel Maria Villa Lopez, Gabriel Moreno-Gonzalez, Juan Carlos Lopez-Delgado, Jorge Solera Marin, Purificacion Sanchez-Zamora, Montserrat Vallverdú Vidal, Jesús Flores González, Irene Salinas, Cecilia Hermosa, Emilio Maseda, Fernando Martinez-Sagasti, Sara Domingo-Marín, Johanna Abril Victorino, Raquel Garcia-Alvarez, Pablo López-Arcas Calleja, Maria-Victoria de la Torre-Prados, Pablo Vidal-Cortes, Lorena Del Río-Carbajo, Javier Izura, Victoria Minguez, Josep Trenado Alvarez, Anna Parera Prous, Daniel Paz, Ferran Roche-Campo, Gerardo Aguilar, Javier Belda, Jesus Rico-Feijoo, Cesat Aldecoa, Begoña Zalba-Etayo, Martin Lang, Alexander Dullenkopf, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Anusang Chtsomkasem, Türkay Akbaş, Mustafa Necmettin Unal, Menekse Ozcelik, Ayca Gumus, Atilla Ramazanoglu, Dilek Memis, Inal Mehmet, Yalim Dikmen, Seval Urkmez, Asu Ozgultekin, Oktay Demirkiran, Nesrin Ahu Aslan, Deniz Kizilaslan, Ferda Kahveci, Nurdan Ünlü, Zeynep Ozkan, Callum Kaye, Jan Jansen, Orla O'Neill, Christopher Nutt, Rajeev Jha, Nicolas Hooker, Irina Grecu, Christina Petridou, Murali Shyamsundar, Lia McNamee, John Trinder, Samantha Hagan, Catriona Kelly, Jonathon Silversides, Casiano Barrera Groba, Owen Boyd, Kaushik Bhowmick, Sally Humphreys, Charlotte Summers, Petra Polgarova, Michael Margarson, Justin Dickens, Suzanne Pearson, Elaine Chinery, Noel Hemmings, Sinead O'Kane, Pauline Austin, Stephen Cole, Catherine Plowright, Roberta Box, Christopher Wright, Lorna Young, Ben Creagh-Brown, Laura Montague, Robert Parker, Ben Morton, Marlies Ostermann, Julia Bilinska, Bernd Oliver Rose, Rosie Reece-Anthony, Christine Ryan, Mark Hamilton, Philip Hopkins, Julia Wendon, Giovanni Brescia, Nazia Ijaz, James Wood, Michelle George, Piroska Toth-Tarsoly, Bryan Yates, Maureen Armstrong, Carmen Scott, Christine Boyd, Tamas Szakmany, David Rees, Paul Pulak, Mandy Coggon, Bhaskar Saha, Linda Kent, Bethan Gibson, Julie Camsooksai, Henrik Reschreiter, Pat Morgan, Sivatharshini Sangaralingham, Alastair Lowe, Petr Vondras, Sunil Jamadarkhana, Carina Cruz, Rakesh Bhandary, Peter Hersey, Julie Furneval, Richard Innes, Patricia Doble, Ben Attwood, Penny Parsons, Valerie Page, Xiaobei Zhao, Irina Grecu, Julian Dalton, Mohammed Hegazy, Yasser Awad, Douglas Naylor, Amanda Naylor, Sarah Lee, Sidney Brevard, Noelle Davis

Author information

Author notes

  1. Dirk Vogelaers and Stijn Blot shared joint first authorship of this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Campus UZ Gent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Dirk Vogelaers, Stijn Blot & Andries Van den Berge

  2. Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, AZ Delta, Deltalaan 1, 8800, Roeselare, Belgium

    Dirk Vogelaers

  3. UFR Denis Diderot, INSERM UMR 1152, ANR-10-LABX-17, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, DMU PARABOL, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France

    Philippe Montravers

Authors
  1. Dirk Vogelaers
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  2. Stijn Blot
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  3. Andries Van den Berge
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  4. Philippe Montravers
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Consortia

for the Abdominal Sepsis Study (‘AbSeS’) Group on behalf of the Trials Group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine

  • Guy Francois
  • , Sonia Labeau
  • , Koen Blot
  • , Mieke Deschepper
  • , Massimo Antonelli
  • , Jeffrey Lipman
  • , Dirk Vogelaers
  • , Amin Lamrous
  • , Cecilia Pereyra
  • , Fernando Lipovestky
  • , Despoina Koulenti
  • , Jan De Waele
  • , Joao Rezende-Neto
  • , Yenny Cardenas
  • , Tomas Vymazal
  • , Hans Fjeldsoee-Nielsen
  • , Philippe Montravers
  • , Matthias Kott
  • , Arvaniti Kostoula
  • , Yash Javeri
  • , Massimo Girardis
  • , Sharon Einav
  • , Dylan de Lange
  • , Luis Daniel Umezawa Makikado
  • , Adam Mikstacki
  • , José-Artur Paiva
  • , Dana Tomescu
  • , Alexey Gritsan
  • , Bojan Jovanovic
  • , Kumaresh Venkatesan
  • , Tomislav Mirkovic
  • , Emilio Maseda
  • , Yalim Dikmen
  • , Benedict Creagh-Brown
  • , Amin Lamrous
  • , Monica Emmerich
  • , Mariana Canale
  • , Lorena Silvina Dietz
  • , Santiago Ilutovich
  • , John Thomas Sanchez Miñope
  • , Ramona Baldomera Silva
  • , Martin Alexis Montenegro
  • , Patricio Martin
  • , Pablo Saul
  • , Viviana Chediack
  • , Giselle Sutton
  • , Rocio Couce
  • , Carina Balasini
  • , Susana Gonzalez
  • , Florencia Maria Lascar
  • , Emiliano Jorge Descotte
  • , Natalia Soledad Gumiela
  • , Carina Alejandra Pino
  • , Cristian Cesio
  • , Emanuel Valgolio
  • , Eleonora Cunto
  • , Cecilia Dominguez
  • , Fernando Lipovestky
  • , Nydia Funes Nelson
  • , Esteban Martin Abegao
  • , Cecilia Pereyra
  • , Norberto Christian Pozo
  • , Luciana Bianchi
  • , Enrique Correger
  • , Maria Laura Pastorino
  • , Erica Aurora Miyazaki
  • , Norberto Christian Pozo
  • , Nicolas Grubissich
  • , Mariel Garcia
  • , Natalia Bonetto
  • , Noelia Elizabeth Quevedo
  • , Cristina Delia Gomez
  • , Felipe Queti
  • , Luis Gonzalez Estevarena
  • , Ruben Fernandez
  • , Ignacio Santolaya
  • , Norberto Christian Pozo
  • , Sergio Hugo Grangeat
  • , Juan Doglia
  • , Graciela Zakalik
  • , Carlos Pellegrini
  • , Maria Monserrat Lloria
  • , Mercedes Esteban Chacon
  • , Mariela Fumale
  • , Mariela Leguizamon
  • , Irene Beatriz Hidalgo
  • , Roberto Julian Tiranti
  • , Paola Capponi
  • , Agustin Tita
  • , Luis Cardonnet
  • , Lisandro Bettini
  • , Agñel Ramos
  • , Luciano Lovesio
  • , Edith Miriam Miranda
  • , Angelica Beatriz Farfan
  • , Carina Tolosa
  • , Lise Segura
  • , Adelina Bellocchio
  • , Brian Alvarez
  • , Adriana Manzur
  • , Rodolfo Lujan
  • , Natalia Fernandez
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  • , Alan Zazu
  • , Carina Groh
  • , Jason Fletcher
  • , Julie Smith
  • , Raman Azad
  • , Nitin Chavan
  • , Helen Wong
  • , Mark Kol
  • , Lewis Campbell
  • , Despoina Koulenti
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  • , Bradley Wibrow
  • , Timothy Warhurst
  • , Meher Chinthamuneedi
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  • , Melanija Obraz
  • , Bruna Bodulica
  • , Martin Dohnal
  • , Jan Malaska
  • , Milan Kratochvil
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  • , Peter Schwarz
  • , Zdenek Kos
  • , Ladislav Blahut
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  • , José Mora
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  • , Estuardo Salgado Yepez
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  • , Adel Alsisi
  • , Abdelraouf Fahmy
  • , Hervé Dupont
  • , Sigismond Lasocki
  • , Catherine Paugam-Burtz
  • , Arnaud Foucrier
  • , Alexandru Nica
  • , Geneviève Barjon
  • , Jihad Mallat
  • , Guillaume Marcotte
  • , Marc Leone
  • , Gary Duclos
  • , Philippe Burtin
  • , Philippe Montravers
  • , Enora Atchade
  • , Yazine Mahjoub
  • , Benoît Misset
  • , Jean-François Timsit
  • , Claire Dupuis
  • , Benoît Veber
  • , Matthieu Debarre
  • , Oliver Collange
  • , Julien Pottecher
  • , Stephane Hecketsweiler
  • , Mélanie Fromentin
  • , Antoine Tesnière
  • , Christian Koch
  • , Michael Sander
  • , Matthias Kott
  • , Christian Eckmann
  • , Gunnar Elke
  • , Hermann Wrigge
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  • , Anthoula Chalkiadaki
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  • , Virginia Kolonia
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  • , Chryssa Diakaki
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  • , Agathi Karakosta
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  • , Konstantinos Sakellaridis
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  • ,  Flioni
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  • , John Paul
  • , Mansoor Masjedi
  • , Reza Nikandish
  • , Farid Zand
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  • , Ata Mahmoodpoor
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  • , Miklosh Bala
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  • , Carlo Volta
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  • , Giulia Serafini
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  • , Junji Shiotsuka
  • , Luis Alejandro Sanchez-Hurtado
  • , Brigitte Tejeda-Huezo
  • , Luis Gorordo
  • , Silvio A. Ñamendys-Silva
  • , Francisco J. Garcia-Guillen
  • , Manuel Martinez
  • , Erick Romero-Meja
  • , Ever Colorado-Dominguez
  • , Huub van den Oever
  • , Karel Martijn Kalff
  • , Wytze Vermeijden
  • , Alexander Daniel Cornet
  • , Oliver Beck
  • , Nedim Cimic
  • , Tom Dormans
  • , Laura Bormans
  • , Jan Bakker
  • , Ditty Van Duijn
  • , Gerrit Bosman
  • , Piet Vos
  • , Dylan de Lange
  • , Lenneke Haas
  • , Akram Henein
  • , Ariel M. Miranda
  • , Luis Daniel Umezawa Makikado
  • , Gonzalo Ernesto Gianella Malca
  • , Abel Arroyo-Sanchez
  • , Agnieszka Misiewska-Kaczur
  • , Frisch Akinyi
  • , Miroslaw Czuczwar
  • , Karolina Luczak
  • , Wiktor Sulkowski
  • , Barbara Tamowicz
  • , Adam Mikstacki
  • , Beata Swit
  • , Bronisław Baranowski
  • , Piotr Smuszkiewicz
  • , Iwona Trojanowska
  • , Stanislaw Rzymski
  • , Mariusz Sawinski
  • , Marta Trosiak
  • , Malgorzata Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz
  • , Ricardo Alves
  • , Dina Leal
  • , Andriy Krystopchuk
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  • , Carlos Candeias
  • , Elena Molinos
  • , Amélia Ferreira
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  • , José-Manuel Pereira
  • , Lurdes Santos
  • , Alcina Ferreira
  • , Dulce Pascoalinho
  • , Rosa Ribeiro
  • , Guilherme Domingos
  • , Pedro Gomes
  • , David Nora
  • , Rui Pedro Costa
  • , Anabela Santos
  • , Ahmed Subhy Alsheikhly
  • , Dana Tomescu
  • , Mihai Popescu
  • , Ioana Grigoras
  • , Emilia Patrascanu
  • , Igor Zabolotskikh
  • , Tatiana Musaeva
  • , Alexey Gritsan
  • , Denis Gaigolnik
  • , Vladimir Kulabukhov
  • , Vladislav Belskiy
  • , Nadezhda Zubareva
  • , Maxim Tribulev
  • , Ahmed Abdelsalam
  • , Ayman Aldarsani
  • , Muhammad Al-Khalid
  • , Ghaleb Almekhlafi
  • , Yasser Mandourah
  • , Bojan Jovanovic
  • , Krstina Doklestic
  • , Jelena Velickovic
  • , Dejan Velickovic
  • , Radmilo Jankovic
  • , Anita Vukovic
  • , Svetlana Skoric-Jokic
  • , Dragana Radovanovic
  • , Guy Richards
  • , Ahmad Alli
  • , Maria Del Carmen Cordoba Nielfa
  • , Rafael Sánchez Iniesta
  • , Adela Benítez-Cano Martínez
  • , Carlos Garcia Bernedo
  • , Santiago Alberto Picos Gil
  • , Xavier Nuvials
  • , Jordi Rello
  • , Joseba Gonzalez Garcia
  • , Jose Manuel Garcia Peña
  • , Roberto Jimenez
  • , Luis Herrera
  • , Laura Galarza Barrachina
  • , Ignacio Catalan Monzon
  • , Francisco Javier Redondo
  • , Ruben Villazala
  • , Diego Fernando Matallana Zapata
  • , Isabel Maria Villa Lopez
  • , Gabriel Moreno-Gonzalez
  • , Juan Carlos Lopez-Delgado
  • , Jorge Solera Marin
  • , Purificacion Sanchez-Zamora
  • , Montserrat Vallverdú Vidal
  • , Jesús Flores González
  • , Irene Salinas
  • , Cecilia Hermosa
  • , Emilio Maseda
  • , Fernando Martinez-Sagasti
  • , Sara Domingo-Marín
  • , Johanna Abril Victorino
  • , Raquel Garcia-Alvarez
  • , Pablo López-Arcas Calleja
  • , Maria-Victoria de la Torre-Prados
  • , Pablo Vidal-Cortes
  • , Lorena Del Río-Carbajo
  • , Javier Izura
  • , Victoria Minguez
  • , Josep Trenado Alvarez
  • , Anna Parera Prous
  • , Daniel Paz
  • , Ferran Roche-Campo
  • , Gerardo Aguilar
  • , Javier Belda
  • , Jesus Rico-Feijoo
  • , Cesat Aldecoa
  • , Begoña Zalba-Etayo
  • , Martin Lang
  • , Alexander Dullenkopf
  • , Konlawij Trongtrakul
  • , Anusang Chtsomkasem
  • , Türkay Akbaş
  • , Mustafa Necmettin Unal
  • , Menekse Ozcelik
  • , Ayca Gumus
  • , Atilla Ramazanoglu
  • , Dilek Memis
  • , Inal Mehmet
  • , Yalim Dikmen
  • , Seval Urkmez
  • , Asu Ozgultekin
  • , Oktay Demirkiran
  • , Nesrin Ahu Aslan
  • , Deniz Kizilaslan
  • , Ferda Kahveci
  • , Nurdan Ünlü
  • , Zeynep Ozkan
  • , Callum Kaye
  • , Jan Jansen
  • , Orla O’Neill
  • , Christopher Nutt
  • , Rajeev Jha
  • , Nicolas Hooker
  • , Irina Grecu
  • , Christina Petridou
  • , Murali Shyamsundar
  • , Lia McNamee
  • , John Trinder
  • , Samantha Hagan
  • , Catriona Kelly
  • , Jonathon Silversides
  • , Casiano Barrera Groba
  • , Owen Boyd
  • , Kaushik Bhowmick
  • , Sally Humphreys
  • , Charlotte Summers
  • , Petra Polgarova
  • , Michael Margarson
  • , Justin Dickens
  • , Suzanne Pearson
  • , Elaine Chinery
  • , Noel Hemmings
  • , Sinead O’Kane
  • , Pauline Austin
  • , Stephen Cole
  • , Catherine Plowright
  • , Roberta Box
  • , Christopher Wright
  • , Lorna Young
  • , Ben Creagh-Brown
  • , Laura Montague
  • , Robert Parker
  • , Ben Morton
  • , Marlies Ostermann
  • , Julia Bilinska
  • , Bernd Oliver Rose
  • , Rosie Reece-Anthony
  • , Christine Ryan
  • , Mark Hamilton
  • , Philip Hopkins
  • , Julia Wendon
  • , Giovanni Brescia
  • , Nazia Ijaz
  • , James Wood
  • , Michelle George
  • , Piroska Toth-Tarsoly
  • , Bryan Yates
  • , Maureen Armstrong
  • , Carmen Scott
  • , Christine Boyd
  • , Tamas Szakmany
  • , David Rees
  • , Paul Pulak
  • , Mandy Coggon
  • , Bhaskar Saha
  • , Linda Kent
  • , Bethan Gibson
  • , Julie Camsooksai
  • , Henrik Reschreiter
  • , Pat Morgan
  • , Sivatharshini Sangaralingham
  • , Alastair Lowe
  • , Petr Vondras
  • , Sunil Jamadarkhana
  • , Carina Cruz
  • , Rakesh Bhandary
  • , Peter Hersey
  • , Julie Furneval
  • , Richard Innes
  • , Patricia Doble
  • , Ben Attwood
  • , Penny Parsons
  • , Valerie Page
  • , Xiaobei Zhao
  • , Irina Grecu
  • , Julian Dalton
  • , Mohammed Hegazy
  • , Yasser Awad
  • , Douglas Naylor
  • , Amanda Naylor
  • , Sarah Lee
  • , Sidney Brevard
  •  & Noelle Davis

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stijn Blot.

Ethics declarations

Funding

AbSeS is a Trials Group Study of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. The study was supported by a Pfizer investigator-initiated research grant.

Conflict of Interest

SB received research grants from Pfizer. PM served as speaker and advisory board member for Menarini, MSD and Pfizer. DV and AVdB have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Ethics approval

Approval by established national, regional, or local institutional review boards was expedited and granted. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT03270345).

Consent

AbSeS is an observational study. Necessity of written informed consent was determined by the national, regional, or local ethics committee or institutional review board.

Availability of data and materials

Due to the numerous data user agreements in this multicenter study, acess to the data is exclusively grated to the ESICM and the head investigator at Ghent University (SB).

Author contributions

DV contributed to the conception and design of the study, interpretation of the results, drafting some parts of first version of the manuscript, and revision of the full paper for important intellectual content. SB contributed to the conception and design of the study, data management, data analysis and interpretation, drafting some parts of first version of the manuscript, and revision of the full paper for important intellectual content. AVdB contributed to data management, data analysis and interpretation, and revision of the paper for important intellectual content. PM contributed to the conception and design of the study, data acquisition, interpretation of the results, and revision of the paper for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Additional information

The members for the Abdominal Sepsis Study (‘AbSeS’) Group on behalf of the Trials Group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine is listed in Acknowledgements section.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 131 kb)

Supplementary file2 (XLSX 14 kb)

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Vogelaers, D., Blot, S., Van den Berge, A. et al. Antimicrobial Lessons From a Large Observational Cohort on Intra-abdominal Infections in Intensive Care Units. Drugs 81, 1065–1078 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-021-01534-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-021-01534-w

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